Leadership Theory is the application and understanding of various theories in order to understand effective leadership. Each theory has been developed by people who have studied leadership behavior. They examine the qualities that make a leader good and how to apply these qualities in different situations. This list includes some of the most popular leadership theories and their key attributes.
Great Man Theory
The Great Man Theory is an idea from the 19th century that leaders are born, not made. The theory states that leadership traits are evident in childhood and cannot be taught or learned. They are inherent. The great man theory states that history is shaped by “great men” or individuals who are exceptional, possessing extraordinary intelligence, abilities, or willpower. The great man theorists claim that these individuals were born unique and unaffected by their environment. This theory holds that heroes are responsible to shape their own destinies through their actions and choices.
The great man is often criticized as being overly simplistic. The theory is also criticized for assuming that all great men are male.
This theory has been replaced with other theories that recognize the importance of other factors in influencing historical change, such as social structures and institutional influences.
Trait Theory
Trait theory holds that people are characterized by stable and consistent traits and dispositions, such personality. The traits can be predicted by observing the way people act, think, or feel. This theory says that leaders can be identified by certain characteristics, such as intelligence or creativity. Some leaders may be dominant than others.
The theories of traits are based on observations of behavior over time. They may also take into consideration how certain behaviors change when under stress or pressure.
Scientists in the early twentieth century developed the first traits theories. They suggest that all leaders have similar traits, regardless of context and circumstance (for example, leadership characteristics are applicable across cultures).
Behavioral Theory
The behavioral theory also argues that leadership cannot be learned. This theory assumes that leaders have certain personality traits that make them more efficient. Leaders are also able to learn new skills. Although the behavioral theory suggests that leaders are born with certain characteristics, these traits can be developed through learning from others and experience.
Transactional Theory
The transactional theory states that leadership is built upon an exchange of ideas between leaders, and their followers. It is more crucial to focus on the relationship between leaders than their personal development or their followers.
To achieve their goals quickly, transactional leaders may use power tactics such as coercion or manipulative. These behaviors can lead to resentment from those who must work with them. The transactional manager is often viewed as a “boss”, and not as a coach or mentee (although both of these things are true).
Transformative theory
The transformational leadership theory is a style of leadership that emphasizes the creation of a vision, and motivating others towards it. Transformational leaders inspire, motivate and inspire others. Visionary leaders are transformational leaders. Leaders who have a strong sense of ethics and values and who communicate their values with clarity.
Leaders can be inspirational and transformational. They inspire others by showing them how to achieve the goals of a company through their own efforts. This is also known by the names charisma or inspirational leader.
Leaders who inspire others to achieve their full potential are transformational leaders. They do this by providing feedback, sharing information, and giving them opportunities for growth.
Servant Leadership Theory
The theory of servant-leadership is one in which the needs and interests of followers are put at the forefront. Servant leaders care more about the needs and concerns of others than they do for themselves. They do not try to exert power or control over others. They use their influence to help individuals, groups and organisations grow.
Servant leadership applies to any situation in which a person influences an individual or a group, for example a family environment or a work environment. Anyone who wants develop their leadership ability can use this.
Theory of contingency
The contingency theory is based upon the belief that effective leadership is dependent on the circumstances. This theory says that there are no universal qualities or characteristics which make a good leader. Instead, leadership styles vary according to the situation.
This idea can be illustrated by a football coach who adopts a more aggressive style. This style of play is often chosen by coaches if they feel that their players have the talent to implement it and win games. If the team has fallen into a rut or morale is low, a more aggressive approach may fail both the individual and their team.
Leadership styles are therefore flexible. Leadership styles can change depending on your organization’s situation.
Lead
The best way to develop your leadership skills is through a degree in advanced management. Some people are natural leaders while others may need more training or experience to lead others well. A degree in advanced management, like the MSc finance and management from Aston University, can help you gain leadership skills and a better understanding of what is required to be a successful leader.
Final Word
Leadership theories are conceptual frameworks that provide a rationale and systematic basis for explaining various aspects of leadership. A leadership theory guides and enables leaders to apply concepts and principles related to leadership. It is important that you examine your leadership style if or when you want to be a manager.