Leadership Theory is the application of different theories to understand effective leadership. Each theory was developed after a thorough study of leadership behavior. They look at what makes a good leader and how they can be applied in different situations. This list includes some of the most popular leadership theories and their key attributes.
Great Man Theory
The Great Man Theory was a 19th-century idea that leaders were not made but rather born. The theory says that traits of a good leader are present in childhood and can’t be taught or learnt. They are inborn. The great man theory states that history is shaped by “great men” or individuals who are exceptional, possessing extraordinary intelligence, abilities or strength of will. The great man theory holds that these individuals are born with their unique characteristics and have not been influenced by their environments. This theory says that heroes are responsible for determining their own fates through their choices and actions.
The great man is often criticized as being overly simplistic. The theory has also been criticized, because it assumes that all great males are men.
This theory is now replaced by others which acknowledge the importance of social structure and institutional influences on people’s lives.
Trait Theory
Trait theory holds that people are characterized by stable and consistent traits and dispositions, such personality. The traits can be predicted by observing the way people act, feel or look. This theory says that leaders can be identified by certain characteristics, such as intelligence or creativity. Some leaders may be dominant compared to others.
Theories of traits are based on observations of behavior over time. They may also consider how certain behaviors change when under stress or pressure.
Scientists in the early twentieth century developed the first traits theories. They suggest that leaders share similar characteristics regardless of context or circumstances (for example, leadership traits can be applied across cultures).
Behavioral Theory
The behavioral theory also argues that leadership cannot be learned. This theory assumes that leaders have certain personality traits that make them more efficient. Leaders are also able to learn new skills. Although the behavioral theory suggests that leaders are born with certain characteristics, these traits can be developed through learning from others and experience.
Transactional Theory
The transactional leadership theory states that leaders and followers exchange ideas. It is more crucial to focus on what each leader gets out of the relationship rather than their personal development or their followers’.
To achieve their goals quickly, transactional leaders may use power tactics such as coercion or manipulative. These behaviors can lead to resentment from those who must work with them. The transactional manager is often seen by others as a “boss”, and not as a coach or mentee (although both of these things are true).
Transformative theory
The transformational theory of leading is a style which emphasizes creating a clear vision and motivating other people to achieve it. Transformational leaders inspire, motivate and motivate others. Visionary leaders are transformational leaders. Leaders who have a strong sense of ethics and values and who communicate their values with clarity.
Leaders can be inspirational and transformational. They give others direction and motivation, showing them how they can achieve goals of an organisation through their own effort. This is also known by the names charisma or inspirational leader.
Leaders who inspire others to achieve their full potential are transformational leaders. They do so by sharing information with them, giving them growth opportunities, giving feedback on their performance, and celebrating their success.
Servant Leadership Theory
The theory of servant-leadership focuses on the needs and interests of followers. Servant leaders care more about the needs and concerns of others than they do for themselves. They do not try to exert power or control over others. They use their influence to help individuals, groups and organisations grow.
Servant leadership applies to any situation in which a person influences an individual or a group, for example a family environment or a work environment. Anyone who wants develop their leadership ability can use this.
Theory of contingency
The contingency theory is based upon the belief that effective leadership depends on the circumstances. This theory holds that there aren’t any universal qualities or traits which make up a great leader. Leadership styles vary depending on the situation.
This idea can be illustrated by a football coach who adopts a more aggressive style. Coaches can choose this style if they have talented players and believe they can implement a plan to win matches. If the team has fallen into a rut or morale is low, a more aggressive approach may fail them and their team.
Leadership styles are flexible. The style of leadership you use can vary depending on the circumstances in your organization.
Lead
The best way to develop your leadership skills is through a degree in advanced management. Some people are natural leaders while others may need more training or experience to lead others well. A degree in advanced management, like the MSc finance and management from Aston University, can help you gain leadership skills and a better understanding of what is required to be a successful leader.
Final Word
Leadership theories are conceptual frameworks that provide a rationale and systematic basis for explaining various aspects of leadership. A leadership theory guides and enables leaders to apply concepts and principles related to leadership. If you are or wish to be a leader, it is important to examine and understand your own leadership style.